Open Access

This journal follows the Gold Open Access model, ensuring that all published content is freely and permanently accessible to readers worldwide without any subscription or access fees. Users are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, as well as use them for any other lawful purpose, without requiring prior permission from either the publisher or the authors.

License and Copyright

The journal applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to all published articles. Under this license, authors retain full copyright ownership of their work while granting others the right to share, reuse, reproduce, adapt, and distribute the content in any medium or format, provided that proper credit is given to the original authors and the source. Appropriate attribution may be made by citing the original published article.

Article Processing Charge

The journal does not impose any submission or processing fees. There are no charges for rejected manuscripts, and no additional fees are applied based on article length, figures, or supplementary materials.

The journal is currently free to the authors, and all Article Processing Charges (APCs) are waived until 31 December 2026.